The latest article authors thank Petrified Tree National Playground Superintendents Lee Baiza, Cliff Spencer, and you can Brad Traver, Chiefs regarding Funding Management Karen Dorn and you can Pat Thompson, in addition to rest of the playground professionals having logistical support. Excavation works try assisted of the Yasemin Tulu, Katie Brakora, Bruce Bailey, Franceska Sena, Meredith Fontana, Susan Drymala, Jake Tapaha, Ben Kligman, Emily Lessner, Pete Reser, additionally the later Vin Morgan. Thank you so you can Christian Sidor and you may Kelsey Abrams (UWBM) having planning, photographs, and you can access to specimens in the the business. A lot more advice on the planet was provided with new NPS Youthfulness Maintenance Corps and Navajo Conservation Corps. Most photos and you can drawings was basically done-by Tyra Olstad. Dr. Pat Holroyd (UCMP) be sure to offered the means to access selections inside her worry. K. Ritterbush (University of Utah) amply considering access to the lady petrographic microscope imaging system, and also the osteoderm histological slides were imaged from the J. Hambleton. Critiques by the Hans-Dieter Sues, Julia B. Desojo, and Martin Ezcurra improved the new manuscript. This is exactly Petrified Forest National Park Paleontological Sum No. 74. Brand new viewpoints expressed herein are those of writers and you may perform not show the official opinions of the U. S. Bodies.
Author Contributions
William Parker: Conceptualization (equal); formal study (lead); investment acquisition (lead); studies (lead); methodology (lead); enterprise government (lead); writing – original draft (equal); writing – opinion and you can modifying (equal). Sterling Nesbitt: Conceptualization (supporting); specialized analysis (equal); studies (equal); methods (equal); composing – brand-new draft (equal); writing – comment and editing (equal). Randall Irmis: Conceptualization (equal); certified studies (equal); analysis (equal); strategy (equal); creating – original draft (equal); creating – feedback and you can modifying (equal). Jeffrey Martz: Formal studies (supporting); data (supporting); methods (supporting); visualization (equal); creating – amazing draft (supporting); composing – comment and modifying (supporting). Adam Marsh: Study curation (supporting); formal data (supporting); study (supporting); methods (equal); composing – review and you will editing (lead). Matthew Brownish: Study (equal); methods (equal); composing – amazing draft (equal); composing – comment and you can modifying (equal). Michelle Stocker: Certified research (supporting); analysis (supporting); methodology (supporting); info (supporting); creating – comment and editing filipino cupid ekЕџi (supporting). Sarah Werning: Authoritative data (supporting); study (supporting); methods (supporting); visualization (supporting); writing – original draft (supporting); writing – review and you will editing (supporting).
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One secret very early-branching pseudosuchians is actually R. callenderi, which had been to begin with referred to as a great putative ornithischian dinosaur centered on separated, but apomorphic, white teeth on the Bull Canyon Creation (Dockum Group) off eastern The new Mexico, You (Look, 1989 ). After that education (elizabeth.g., Heckert, 2002 ; Take a look, 2001 ; Have a look & Lucas, 1994 ; Padian, 1990 ) known more dental care specimens off their localities and you may continued to spot Roentgen. callenderi due to the fact an enthusiastic unambiguous dinosaur having ornithischian synapomorphies. Seem ( 1994 , 2001 ) together with detailed the existence of a limited skeleton out of a keen armored pseudosuchian (NMMNH P-16932) on variety of locality out of R. callenderi, he considered to be a distinct taxon, but never formally discussed. The newest advancement from relevant skeletal question also cranial issue with in situ teeth out of a good monodominant bonebed (sensu Eberth, Shannon, & Noland, 2007 ) regarding the Petrified Tree Member of the new Chinle Development during the Petrified Tree National Playground (PEFO), Arizona, United states, obviously displayed you to Roentgen. callenderi wasn’t good dinosaur, but instead a young-diverging pseudosuchian (Parker et al., 2005 ). Centered on that the brand new guidance, Take a look et al., ( 2005 ) called NMMNH P-16932 so you’re able to R. callenderi. Whilst the malfunction of that thing are temporary, it is important for a few reasons: (a) NMMNH P-16932 definitely is short for Roentgen. callenderi because the sample is sold with a beneficial dentigerous maxilla with pearly whites retaining Roentgen. callenderi apomorphies; (b) it is regarding most near the particular locality off R. callenderi, both geographically and you can stratigraphically (Appear ainsi que al., 2005 ); and you may (c) NMMNH P-16932 is actually same as the new PEFO skeletal matter allotted to R. callenderi of the Parker mais aussi al. ( 2005 ). The brand new genus Revueltosaurus provided two other varieties, “R”. hunti Heckert, 2002 , identified out-of pearly whites and you will skeleton from the down Chinle Creation of Arizona and you may Utah and lower Dockum Number of The fresh new Mexico, and you may “R”. olseni (Look & Lucas, 1994 ), known out-of teeth regarding the Pekin Formation regarding Vermont, You.
Besides the eponymous taxon, really the only almost every other specimens off PFV 297 are fragmentary shuvosaurid skeleton (elizabeth.grams., PEFO 34072) receive old boyfriend-situ (Parker ainsi que al., 2005 ), and separated high, serrated teeth. They might be teeth recognizable to help you phytosaurs and you will a giant mediolaterally compressed recurved enamel (crown duration = 63.step 3 mm) with a resorbed supply which may show a huge paracrocodylomorph (PEFO 41401). In contrast, PFV 231 preserves an even more varied assemblage and R. callenderi (age.g., PEFO 33791), the newest non-archosaur archosauriform Vancleavea campi (PEFO 33978), indeterminate small metoposaurid temnospondyls (age.g., PEFO 34081), shuvosaurids (e.grams., PEFO 33953), rauisuchids (sensu Nesbitt, 2011 ; age.grams., PEFO 33954), crocodylomorphs (elizabeth.grams., PEFO 34090), mystriosuchine leptosuchomorph phytosaurs (PEFO 33980), brand new aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum (e.g., PEFO 33967), early-diverging theropod dinosaur Chindesaurus bryansmalli (PEFO 33982), and you can good coelophysoid theropod (elizabeth.g., PEFO 33981; Parker mais aussi al., 2005 ; Parker & Irmis, 2005 ; Irmis, 2008 ; Parker & Barton, 2008 ; Parker & ).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The explanation for loss of these individuals are not familiar; yet not, monodominant bonebeds are commonly designed from the single devastating occurrences where mixing out of taxa, the outcome of much time-name attritional buildup, will not occur (Eberth & Brinkman, 1997 ). Curiously, individuals in the PFV 297 and you will PFV 414 was near to a similar dimensions (Study S2) and you can presumably had been in the equivalent ontogenetic degree (but discover Griffin ainsi que al., 2020 to possess a discussion towards size and ontogenetic updates); although not, PFV 231 include people of various products along with specimens larger than others at the almost every other a couple web sites; instance, the fresh frontal off PEFO 41453 is actually
The fresh new matrix is built within the Mesquite v3.ten (Maddison & Maddison, 2019 ) and contains all in all, 444 emails having 91 taxa. The newest rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni was utilized while the outgroup so you can root the essential parsimonious trees (MPTs). Brand new dataset was reviewed from inside the PAUP*cuatro.0b10 (Swofford, 2002 ) playing with a heuristic browse confronted with step 1,000 haphazard introduction replicates with forest bisection and reconnection department exchanging. Letters 32, 52, 121, 137, 139, 156, 168, 188, 223, 247, 258, 269, 271, 291, 297, 314, 328, 356, 371, 399, 413, 430, and 432 (find Nesbitt et al., 2020 to have purchasing adjustment of the unique Nesbitt, 2011 dataset) was indeed bought. Zero-size branches was in fact folded once they lacked support lower than some of more parsimonious reconstructions. A similar topology therefore the same amount of MPTs try recovered when every emails are run unordered, regardless of if a unique tree length is receive. Bootstrap service are determined in one,100 replicates having fun with a great heuristic search approach which have haphazard taxon introduction series and you will TBR part swapping.